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BACKGROUND@#LY01005 (Goserelin acetate sustained-release microsphere injection) is a modified gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist injected monthly. This phase III trial study aimed to evaluated the efficacy and safety of LY01005 in Chinese patients with prostate cancer.@*METHODS@#We conducted a randomized controlled, open-label, non-inferiority trial across 49 sites in China. This study included 290 patients with prostate cancer who received either LY01005 or goserelin implants every 28 days for three injections. The primary efficacy endpoints were the percentage of patients with testosterone suppression ≤50 ng/dL at day 29 and the cumulative probability of testosterone ≤50 ng/dL from day 29 to 85. Non-inferiority was prespecified at a margin of -10%. Secondary endpoints included significant castration (≤20 ng/dL), testosterone surge within 72 h following repeated dosing, and changes in luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and prostate specific antigen levels.@*RESULTS@#On day 29, in the LY01005 and goserelin implant groups, testosterone concentrations fell below medical-castration levels in 99.3% (142/143) and 100% (140/140) of patients, respectively, with a difference of -0.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], -3.9% to 2.0%) between the two groups. The cumulative probabilities of maintaining castration from days 29 to 85 were 99.3% and 97.8%, respectively, with a between-group difference of 1.5% (95% CI, -1.3% to 4.4%). Both results met the criterion for non-inferiority. Secondary endpoints were similar between groups. Both treatments were well-tolerated. LY01005 was associated with fewer injection-site reactions than the goserelin implant (0% vs . 1.4% [2/145]).@*CONCLUSION@#LY01005 is as effective as goserelin implants in reducing testosterone to castration levels, with a similar safety profile.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION@#ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04563936.
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Humans , Male , Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use , East Asian People , Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/agonists , Goserelin/therapeutic use , Prostate-Specific Antigen , Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy , TestosteroneABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the clinical value of holographic image navigation in urological laparoscopic and robotic surgery.Methods The data of patients were reviewed retrospectively for whom accepted holographic image navigation laparoscopic and robotic surgery from Jan.2019 to Dec.2019 in Beijing United Family Hospital and other 18 medical centers,including 78 cases of renal tumor,2 cases of bladder cancer,2 cases of adrenal gland tumor,1 cases of renal cyst,1 case of prostate cancer,1 case of sweat gland carcinoma with lymph node metastasis,1 case of pelvic metastasis after radical cystectomy.All the patients underwent operations.In the laparoscopic surgery group,there were 27 cases of partial nephrectomy,1 case of radical prostatectomy,2 cases of radical cystectomy and 2 cases of adrenalectomy.In the da Vinci robotic surgery group of 54 cases,there were 51 cases of partial nephrectomy,1 case of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection,1 case of retroperitoneal bilateral renal cyst deroofing and 1 case of resection of pelvic metastasis.There were 41 partial nephrectomy patients with available clinical data for statistic,with a median age of 53.5 years (range 24-76),including 26 males and 15 females.The median R.E.N.A.L score was 7.8 (range 4-11).Before the operation,the engineers established the holographic image based on the contrast CT images and reports.The surgeon applied the holographic image for preoperative planning.During the operation,the navigation was achieved by real time fusing holographic images with the laparoscopic surgery images in the screen.Results All the procedures had been complete uneventfully.The holographic images helped surgeon in understanding the visual three-dimension structure and relation of vessels supplying tumor or resection tissue,lymph nodes and nerves.By manipulating the holographic images extracorporeally,the fused image guide surgeons about location vessel,lymph node and other important structure and then facilitate the delicate dissection.For the 41 cases with available clinical data including 23 cases of robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy and 18 cases of laparoscopic nephrectomy,the median operation time was 140 (range 50-225) min,the median warm ischemia time was 23 (range 14-60) min,the median blood loss was 80(range 5-1 200) ml.In the robotic surgery group,the median operation time was 140 (range 50-215)min,the median warm i schemia time was 21 (range 17-40)min,the median blood loss was 150(range 30-1 200)ml.In the laparoscopic surgery group,the median operation time was 160(range 80-225)min,the median warm ischemia time was 25 (range 14-60)min,the median blood loss was 50 (range 5-1 200) ml.All the patients had no adjacent organ injury during operation.There were 2 cases with Clavien Ⅱ complications.One required transfusion and the other one suffered hematoma post-operation.However,the tumors were located in the renal hilus for these 2 cases and the R.E.N.A.L scores were both 11.Conclusions Holographic image navigation can help location and recognize important anatomic structures during the surgical procedures..This technique will reduce the tissue injury,decrease the complications and improve the success rate of surgery.
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Objective To investigate the effects of polarized macrophages regulated by stefin B (CSTB) on proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of hepatoma carcinoma cells. Methods Human monocyte THP-1 was induced to differentiate into macrophages (M0), classically activated macrophages (M1), alternatively activated macrophages (M2) and tumor associated macrophages (TAM), respectively. The recombinant lentiviral vectors containing human CSTB gene and a control lentivirus (LV-CSTB and LV-NULL, respectively) were constructed. M0, M1, M2 and TAM were transfected by LV-CSTB and LV-NULL, respectively. The IL-10 and IL-12 secretion of macrophages was detected by ELISA. MHCC97H cells were incubated with conditioned medium of macrophages transfected by LV-CSTB and LV-NULL, respectively. Proliferation, migration and invasion of MHCC97H cells were determined using Cell-Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), wound healing and Transwell assay, respectively. The mRNA and protein expressions of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, β-catenin and Twist were assessed by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Results The IL-10 secretion of M0, M2, TAM and IL-12 of M1 transfected with LV-CSTB was significantly increased. Proliferation, migration and invasion of MHCC97H cells were significantly raised by the conditioned medium of M0, M2 and TAM transfected with LV-CSTB. The conditioned medium of M0, M2 and TAM also promoted mRNA and protein expressions of N-cadherin, β-catenin (except for M0) and Twist in MHCC97H cells, while the expression of E-cadherin was downregulated. Conclusion CSTB can regulate the macrophages' polarization from M0 to M2, thus promoting the proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatoma carcinoma cells.
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Objective :To establish a rapid molecular identification method for Fallopia multiflora and its adulterants. Methods: Based on psbA-trnH sequences of F. multiflora and its adulterants, the SNP site was searched and the specific primers were designed. The allele-specific PCR amplification of F. multiflora and its adulterants from different producing areas was carried out and the reaction system was optimized. Results: When the annealing temperature was raised to 48 ℃ with 30 cycle number, only the template DNA of F. multiflora could be amplified to obtain the specific 191 bp band whereas the diagnostic PCRs of the other adulterants were all negative. Conclusion: It’s simple and reliable to identify the authenticity of F. multifloa by allele loci specific PCR.
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Objective: To investigate the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) cocultured with hepatoma carcinoma cells. Methods: MHCC97H cells and HSCs were cocultured by cell-cell contact method, fibrinogen-thrombin paste technique, conditioned media from MHCC97H(MHCC97H-CM) and Transwell coculture technique, respectively. MHCC97H cells and HSCs were inoculated s. c. into nude mice. The expression of α-SMA in HSCs was assessed by immunocytochemical staining and Western blotting. Proliferation and migration of HSCs was determined using Cell-Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and wound healing and Transwell technique, respectively. Results: The activation of HSCs was significantly increased in the all cocultured system. The expression of α-SMA was up-regulated by cell-cell contact method, MHCC97H-CM, Transwell coculture technique in vitro and in cancer-bearing mice in vivo. The increased chemotaxis of MHCC97H cells and HSCs was observed by cell-cell contact method, fibrinogen-thrombin paste technique and in cancer-bearing mice. The proliferation and migration abilities of HSCs were significantly enhanced. Conclusion: Hepatoma carcinoma cells can promote the activation, proliferation and migration of HSCs under the cocultured system in vitro and in vivo.
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Objective To explore the characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of liver injury caused by the deficiency of dioscorea bulbifera L.. Methods The general data, clinical manifestation and laboratory examination of 45 cases of liver injury diagnosed as Yoshimoto associated liver injury from November 2014 to June 2017 were classified and reviewed with the standards of drug liver injury classification recommended by the Council of international medical organizations. Results The number of male patients was 26, and female 19. The medication time ranged from 1 week to 2 years and the main biochemical performance was abnormal, namely ALT, AST, TBil, DBil, ALP and GGT. Of the 45 cases, the average values of ALT, AST were 608.11 ± 411.30 U/L and 505.38 ± 342.15 U/L. The TBil of 42 case rised with the mean value 170.10 ± 136.86 μmol/L, and the ALP of 22 cases with 182.38 ± 55.15 U/L. The GGT of 43 cases rised with the mean 223.12 ± 131.85 U/L. Clinical classification included 38 cases were liver cell injury, none was cholestasis, 5 mixed types and 2 cases of liver biochemical examination abnormality. One patient died while the other patients recovered. Conclusions Although the pathogenesis of the liver cell induced injury type with dioscorea bulbifera L. remains unclear, the reasonable and appropriate use of medication and regular liver biochemical tests is necessary.
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Objective To investigate the expression of long non-coding RNA NONHSA1254644 in lung adenocarcinoma and its clinical significance.Methods 99 cases of lung adenocarcinoma and the adjacent tissues as well as clinical data was collected.The expression level was detected by quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).Then the relationship between the expression level and the clinical parameters was analyzed.Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) was used to investigate its effect of lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 on proliferation.Results The expression of NONHSA1254644 was down-regulated in lung adenocarcinoma,and its expression was positively correlated with the differentiation of patients.The overexpression of NONHSA1254644 could inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells.Conclusions NONHSA1254644 is involved in the development and progression of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Objective To investigate the performance of laparoscopic camera navigation training for medical students using the virtual reality simulator .Methods Ten medical clerks ( group A ) , 10 medical interns ( group B ) and 10 first year surgical residents (group C) are randomly enrolled in this study , and 10 surgical attendings (group D) are enrolled as control group .The performance of pre-training and post-training is analyzed .Results The performance of pre-training and post-training in the same group was significant improved ( P<0.05) and there was significant differ-ence among group A , B and C, also there was significant difference between the training group and the surgical at -tendings (control group) (P<0.05), respectively.Conclusions The laparoscopic camera navigation skills can be improved by laparoscopic virtual reality simulator especially for the medical interns and surgical residents .
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Objective To investigate the correlation between human papilloma virus(HPV) 16/18 infection and the expression of Rb and p16 protein in bladder cancer tissue,and to analyze the relationship between HPV infection and the incidence of bladder cancer.Methods The expression of HPV16/18 E6 and E7 gene encoded protein,RB and p16 were detected by immunohistochemical method in 40 cases of bladder cancer and 40 cases of normal bladder tissues,and the correlation between them and pathological grading,stage of international union of cancer(UICC),whether recurrence or not after receiving surgery was analyzed.Results In bladder cancer tissues,HPV16/18 E6 and E7 gene encoded protein,RB and p16 positive rates were 65%,47.5%,42.5%,compared with the positive rate of normal bladder tissue samples(22.5%,92.5%,87.5%),the differences were statistically significant(P0.05).The expression of HPV16/18 E6 and E7 gene encoded protein and Rb,p16 protein were not significantly correlated(P>0.05),The expression of Rb and p16 protein were negatively correlated(P<0.05).Conclusion HPV 16/18 infection is related to the occurrence and development of bladder cancer,but its mechanism might not be related to the abnormal expression of Rb and p16 protein.
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Objective@#To analyze the genome characteristics of an avian influenza A (H9N2) virus isolated from an 11-month-old infant, and to look for possible sources of infection.@*Methods@#Throat swabs were collected from an infant with influenza-like illness in influenza sentinel surveillance hospitals and isolated for influenza viruses using cells. The isolates were identified for influenza virus types and subtypes by the method of hemagglutination assay, hemagglutination inhibition assay and fluorescence PCR. Whole genome sequencing of the isolated virus was carried out. The genome nucleic acid sequences and the deduced amino acid sequences were analyzed by comparing the phylogenetic trees which were constructed by bioinformatics software.@*Results@#A seasonal un-typed influenza virus was isolated from the infant with influenza like illness. With fluorescent PCR method , it was identified as H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus and the case was confirmed as a human infected with an avian influenza A(H9N2) virus. Epidemiological studies revealed that the case had no clear history of poultry contact and exposure. Blast analysis shows that eight segments of the viral genome are avian origin, and 97.5%-99.8% homology with that of viruses isolated from the live-poultry markets. The virus belongs to G57 genotype, deduced amino acid sequence analysis shows that the virus has typical low pathogenic avian influenza characteristics.@*Conclusions@#Although the case does not have a clear history of contact or exposure to poultry, molecular traceability suggests that possible sources of infection may be still from poultry.
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Objective To investigate the willingness of delivery methods for second birt hand the actual delivery methods and analyze the influencing factors. Method The random cluster sampling method was adopted to randomly collect 1,237 women who delivered secondly or took antenatal care in two hospitals between October 2016 and April 2017,surveying their willingness of delivery methods for second birt hand the actual delivery methods.Results In the final delivery method,688 cases (54.62%)chose natural childbirth and 549 (45.38%)caesarean section. Logistic regression analysis showed age, nationality, first child delive mode, related knowledge of childbirth,and willingness to give birth were the main factors influencing the method of maternal delivery(all P<0.05). Conclusions The rate of caesarean section is higher for the second-child pregnant women.Individual willing is the most important factor influencing the selection of delivery methods.Therefore,we should enhance the education on the childbirth knowledge to the mothers and their families,helping them to make reasonable choices of delivery methods,for the purpose of reducing the rate of dissection.
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Objective To discuss the safety and clinical effect of fine needle single-step centesis in percutaneous endoscopic nephrolithotomy for renal staghorn calculi. Methods Percutaneous endoscopic nephrolithotomy with fine needle single-step centesis was employed in 75 patients (single-step group) with renal staghorn calculi, and percutaneous endoscopic nephrolithotomy with two-step centesis was adopted in other 75 patients with renal staghorn calculi (two-step group). The clinical effect and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results The placement of drainage catheter was successfully accomplished in all 150 patients. In single-step group the operation time was 18-45 minutes with a mean of 36 minutes; the mean blood loss during the procedure was about 5 ml. After the treatment, massive bleeding occurred in 3 cases that needed blood transfusion, and residual stone was observed in 6 cases. In two-step group the operation time was 16-42 minutes with a mean of 34 minutes; the mean blood loss during the procedure was about 7 ml. After the treatment, massive bleeding occurred in 7 cases that needed blood transfusion; one of them had renal pseudoaneurysm and the bleeding was stopped after renal artery embolization treatment; and residual stone was observed in 7 cases. No procedure-related perirenal organ injury was seen in single-step group, while in two-step group pneumothorax (n=1) and injury of splenic flexure of colon (n=1)were found. Conclusion In performing percutaneous endoscopic nephrolithotomy, fine needle single-step centesis is more safe and effective than conventional two-step centesis.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore efficacy enhancing and detoxification roles of Jiedu Quyu Zishen Recipe (JQZR) in treating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by studying its effect on Toll like receptor 9 (TLR9) signal pathway of murine macrophage cells after JQZR stimulated CpG oligodeoxynucletide (CpG ODN).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Murine macrophage cells in vitro cultured were randomly divided into 4 groups, i.e., the blank serum group, the CpG ODN stimulus group, the CpG ODN + dexamethasone group, the CpG ODN + medicated serum group. Murine macrophage cells were collected after 24-h intervention. The expression of TLR9, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), NF-KB, IFN-α mRNA were analyzed by RT-PCR. The expression of TLR9 and NF-κB protein were analyzed by Western blot. Changes of the NF-KB transcriptional activity were assayed by Dual-Luciferase reporter assay system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>mRNA expressions of TLR9, MyD88, NF-κB, and IFN-α, protein expressions of TLR9 and NF-κB, and NF-κB transcriptional activities were enhanced, showing statistical difference when compared with those of the blank serum group (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). Compared with the CpG ODN stimulus group, mRNA expressions of MyD88, NF-κB, and IFN-α, the protein expression of NF-κB and the NF-κB transcriptional activities decreased in the CpG ODN + dexamethasone group with statistical difference (P <0. 01). Compared with the CpG ODN stimulus group, mRNA expressions of TLR9, MyD88, NF-κB, and IFN-α, protein expressions of TLR9 and NF-κB, and NF-κB transcriptional activities were decreased in CpG ODN+ medicated serum group with statistical difference (P <0. 01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Efficacy enhancing and detoxification roles of JQZR in treatment of SLE might be realized through regulating TLR9 signal pathways.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Cell Line , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Macrophages , Metabolism , Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 , NF-kappa B , RNA, Messenger , Signal Transduction , Toll-Like Receptor 9 , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective: To construct recombinant adenovirus harboring snake venom cystatin (Ad/sv-cystatin) and to investigate its effect on invasion and metastasis (in vivo and in vitro) of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) MHCC97H cells. Methods: The recombinant Ad/ sv-cystatin harboring sv-cystatin was constructed to infect MHCC97H cells. Then the growth of MHCC97H cells was assessed by CCK-8. Transwell matrigel assay was used to assess MHCC97H cell migration and invasiveness in vitro. Spontaneous lung metastasis assays were used to examine the effects of Ad/sv-cystatin on the invasion and metastasis of MHCC97H cells in vivo. Results: Recombinant Ad/sv-cystatin harboring svcystatin gene could infect MHCC97H cells. Ad/sv-cystatin significantly inhibited the growth, migration and invasion of MHCC97H cells in vitro compared with control and Ad/null groups. Intra-tumoral injection of Ad/sv-cystatin significantly inhibited the lung metastasis of MHCC97H cells in nude mice compared with control and Ad/null-treated mice. Conclusion: tt is indicated that recombinant Ad/sv-cystatin can suppress MHCC97H cell growth, invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo, showing a potential for gene therapy of HCC.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of the ethanol extract isolated from Weiqi Decoction (WQD-EE) on AGS cell proliferation and apoptosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>By using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detectors (HPLC-UV) assay and MTT method, the main compounds in WQD-EE and cell viability were detected. And cell cycle distributions were determined by flow cytometry with propidium iodine (PI) staining while apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry with annexin V/PI double staining. Finally, caspase-3 activities were measured by colorimetric method and protein expression was determined by Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HPLC analysis showed that naringin (35.92 μg/mg), nobiletin (21.98 μg/mg), neohesperidin (17.98 μg/mg) and tangeretin (0.756 μg/mg) may be the main compounds in WQD-EE. WQD-EE not only inhibited AGS and MCF 7 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, but also blocked cell cycle progression at G2/M stage as well as inducing cell apoptosis at concentrations triggering significant inhibition of proliferation and cell cycle arrest in AGS cells. While at 0.5 mg/mL, WQD-EE significantly increased caspase-3 activity by 2.75 and 7.47 times at 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Moreover, WQD-EE in one hand reduced protein expressions of p53 and cyclin B1, and in other hand enhanced protein expressions of cytochrome c and Bax. Protein levels of Bcl-2, Fas L and Fas were not significantly affected by WQD-EE.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>WQD-EE inhibits AGS cell proliferation through G2/M arrest due to down-regulation of cyclin B1 protein expression, and promotes apoptosis by caspase-3 and mitochondria-dependent pathways, but not by p53-dependent pathway.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Caspase 3 , Metabolism , Cell Cycle , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Cell Survival , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Ethanol , Chemistry , G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints , M Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints , Neoplasm Proteins , Metabolism , Plant ExtractsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of nodular histiocytic/mesothelial hyperplasia (NHMH) and to improve the knowledge of this disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seven cases of NHMH were collected and the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical data were analyzed with review of the literature.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seven male patients aged from 1.5 to 5.0 years (mean 2.8). The main clinical symptom was an inguinal mass.Grossly, main pathological changes were the mural nodule or free nodule in lumen, with diameter of 0.1-0.5 cm.Histologically, the tumor cell morphology was relatively single, cohesive polygonal or oval cells which were arranged in solid sheets or nests, usually with ovoid or deeply grooved nuclei and a moderate amount of pale pink cytoplasm in the nodular collection area. The nuclei had delicate chromatin and no obvious atypia, and mitosis was incidentally found. A few scattered lymphocytes were found in the stroma. The cyst wall was lined by a single layer of mesothelial cells.Immunohistochemically, the most cells in nodular lesion were strongly positive for the histiocytic marker CD68, vimentin and α1-antichymotrypsin, while lining mesothelial cells on the wall were positive for calretinin, MC, WT1, CK5/6, CKpan and EMA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>NHMH is a rare and benign tumor-like lesion, and easy to be misdiagnozed, which should be distinguished from neuroendocrine tumors, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, seminoma, mesothelioma and so on. The correct diagnosis of this lesion depends on the clinical characteristics, morphology and immunohistochemistry.</p>
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Male , Antigens, CD , Metabolism , Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic , Metabolism , Calbindin 2 , Metabolism , Diagnosis, Differential , Epithelium , Metabolism , Pathology , General Surgery , Histiocytes , Metabolism , Pathology , Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell , Metabolism , Pathology , Hyperplasia , Metabolism , Pathology , General Surgery , Leukocyte Common Antigens , Metabolism , Mesothelioma , Metabolism , Pathology , Mucin-1 , Metabolism , Neuroendocrine Tumors , Metabolism , Pathology , Seminoma , Metabolism , Pathology , Vimentin , Metabolism , WT1 Proteins , Metabolism , alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin , MetabolismABSTRACT
We wished to understand the genetic recombination and phylogenetic characteristics of human en- terovirus A71 (EV-A71) and to explore its potential virulence-related sites. Full-length genomes of three EV-A71 strains isolated from patients in Chenzhou City (China) were sequenced and analyzed. Possible re- combination events and crossover sites were analyzed with Recombination Detection Program v4. 1. 6 by comparison with the complete genome sequences of 231 strains of EV-A71. Similarly, plot and bootscanning analyses were undertaken with SimPlot v3. 5. 1. Phylogenetic trees based on the sequences of VP1 regions were constructed with MEGA v5. 2 using the Kimura two-parameter model and neighbor-joining method. Results suggested that recombination events were detected among the three EV-A71 isolates from Chenzhou City. The common main parent sequence was from JF799986 isolated from samples in Guang- zhou City (China) in 2009, and the minor parent sequence was TW/70516/08. Intertypic recombination e- vents were found in the C4b strain (strain SHZH98 isolated in 1998) and C4a strain (Fuyang strain isola- ted in 2008) with the prototype strains of CVA4 and CVA14 in the 3D region. The chi-square test was used to screen-out potential virulence-related sites with nucleotide substitutions of different types of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) cases using SPSS v19.0. Results suggested that there were no significant nucleotide substitutions between death cases and severe-HFMD cases. Eighteen significant nucleotide substitutions were found between death/severe-HFMD cases and mild-HFMD cases, and all these 18 substitutions were distributed only in P2 and P3 regions. Intertypic recombination among the predominant circulating EV-A71 strains in the Chinese mainland and other EV-A strains probably dates before 1998, and intratypic recombination might have occurred frequently in the HFMD outbreak from 2008 to 2012. Substitutions in the non-capsid region may be correlated with the changes in virulence of EV-A71. These data suggest that researchers should pay more attention to the relationships between substitutions in the noncapsid region and the virulence of the virus.
Subject(s)
Enterovirus A, Human , Genetics , Virulence , Mutation , Phylogeny , Recombination, Genetic , VirulenceABSTRACT
Y chromosome is a male-specific paternal inherited chromosome. The STR markers on Y chromosome have been widely used in forensic practices. This article summarizes the characteristics of Y-STR and some factors are considered of selecting appropriate Y-STR markers for Chinese population. The prospects of existing and potential forensic applications of Y-STR profiles are discussed including familial excluding, familial searching, crowd source deducing, mixture sample testing, and kinship identifying. The research, development, verification of Y-STR kit, Y-STR mutation rate, and search software are explored and some suggestions are given.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Asian People/genetics , Chromosomes, Human, Y , DNA/genetics , DNA Fingerprinting , Databases, Nucleic Acid , Forensic Medicine/methods , Genetics, Population , Genotype , Microsatellite Repeats , Mutation , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic , SoftwareABSTRACT
GATA3 transcription factor plays an important role in the growth and differentiation of normal breast tissues, and it is also closely related to the tumorigenesis of breast cancer. The roles of GATA3 vary in different breast cancer subtypes. This paper reviews the relationship of GATA3 with normal breast tissue and the tumorigenesis of breast cancer, in an attempt to provide theoretical evidences for future clinical applications of GATA3 in breast cancer.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of Qingchang Suppository (QCS, a Chinese herbal preparation) on intestinal permeability in rat ulcerative colitis (UC) model induced by trinitrobenzene sulforic acid, and to explore the mechanism of QCS for healing the ulceration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Labelled by FITC-dextran 4 000 (FD-4), the permeability of colonic membrane in UC rat and effect of QCS on it were observed in vitro and in vivo.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In vivo study showed that the colonic FD-4 permeability of UC rat was increased significantly, being 6-fold of normal in 30 min. After treated with QCS of high/moderate dosage, it significantly attenuated to different degrees (P < 0.05). FD-4 permeability coefficient (Papp) determination in vitro showed that Papp in model rats increased to (5.001 +/- 1.316) x10(-8) cm/s in 120 min, being 2.5-fold of control; and which could be decreased by high/moderate dose QCS effectively (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>QCS could suppress the high colonic permeability in UC model rats, improve the barrier function of intestinal membrane and promote the healing of ulceration. Qingchang Suppository; ulcerative colitis; intestinal permeability in UC model rats, improve the barrier function of intestinal membrane and promote the healing of ulceration.</p>